<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!-- <!DOCTYPE TEI PUBLIC "-//UNL Libraries::Etext Center//DTD TEI.dtd (Nebraska Press)//EN" "include\TEI.dtd" [
]> -->

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="egp.med.029">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title level="m" type="main"><hi rend="italic">Leader-Post</hi> (Regina)</title>
<title level="m" type="sub"></title>
<author>Peter E. Mayeux</author>
<editor>David J. Wishart</editor>
<respStmt>
<resp>Project Team</resp>
<name>Katherine Walter</name>
<name>Laura Weakly</name>
<name>Nicholas Swiercek</name>
</respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<editionStmt>
<edition>
<date>2011</date>
</edition>
</editionStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno>egp.med.029</idno>
<authority>Encyclopedia of the Great Plains</authority>
<publisher>University of Nebraska&#8211;Lincoln</publisher>
<distributor>
<name>Center for Digital Research in the Humanities</name>
<address>
<addrLine>319 Love Library</addrLine>
<addrLine>University of Nebraska&#8211;Lincoln</addrLine>
<addrLine>Lincoln, NE 68588-4100</addrLine>
<addrLine>cdrh@unlnotes.unl.edu</addrLine>
</address>
</distributor>
<date>2011</date>
<availability>
<p>Copyright &#169; 2011 by University of Nebraska&#8211;Lincoln, all rights reserved. Redistribution or republication in any medium, except as allowed under the Fair Use provisions of U.S. copyright law, requires express written consent from the editors and advance notification of the publisher, the University of Nebraska&#8211;Lincoln.</p>
</availability>
</publicationStmt>
<notesStmt>
<note type="project">

</note>
</notesStmt>

<sourceDesc>
<bibl><author n="Mayeux, Peter E.">Peter E. Mayeux</author>. <title level="a">"Military Post Publications."</title> In <editor n="Wishart, David J.">David J. Wishart</editor>, ed. <title level="m">Encyclopedia of the Great Plains</title>. <pubPlace>Lincoln</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of Nebraska Press</publisher>, <date value="2004">2004</date>. <biblScope type="pages">516</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>

<revisionDesc>
<change>
<date>2008-03-26</date>
<respStmt>
<name>Nicholas Swiercek</name>
</respStmt>
<item>Model Encoding</item>
</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>


<div1>
<head type="main">MILITARY POST PUBLICATIONS</head>

<p>U.S. troop newspapers in both Spanish and
English appeared in the Great Plains soon after
the Mexican War (1846–48). These soldier
newspapers included the <title level="j">Anglo-Saxon</title>, the
<title level="j">Santa Fe Republican</title>, the <title level="j">Flag of Freedom</title>, and
the <title level="j">Picket Guard</title>&#8211;one of the first substantial
troop papers of the U.S. Army. The papers
included items on American troop victories,
the preparedness of Mexican troops, the need
for accurate reporting, the rivalry between
regular and volunteer troops, and the need to
keep enlisted men's morale high. Although
they generally lasted a short time, these small,
letter-size sheets accustomed troops to having
their own papers, even in combat zones.</p>

<p>In 1864, during the American Civil War, the
<title level="j">Frontier Scout</title>, a four-page, three-column
weekly, appeared at Fort Union, Dakota Territory.
The same name was used for a paper
started in 1865 farther down the Missouri
River at Fort Rice, Dakota Territory. It is likely
that the same printing office produced both
papers. Prisoner-of-war publications were not
uncommon. On a sheet of unruled letter paper,
a captain in the Connecticut Volunteers
produced a handwritten publication, the <title level="j">Old Flag</title>, at Camp Ford, Texas. Each single copy
was read aloud to prisoners.</p>

<p>Post publications reflected the military's
growing professionalism between the Civil
War and the beginning of World War I. Weekly
newspapers were established at several Plains
military installations to help relieve boredom,
inform troops, and recount life on the frontier.
In articles, poems, drawings, cartoons, and editorials,
readers learned about military policies
and were informed about life at the post. Great
Plains newspapers included the <title level="j">Chugg Water Journal</title>, Fort Laramie; the <title level="j">Phil Kearny Scout</title>,
Fort Philip Kearny, Dakota Territory; the <title level="j">Daily Telegraph</title>, Fort Bridger, Wyoming; and the
<title level="j">Plains</title>, Fort Larned, Kansas. The frontier soldier
papers resembled their civilian counterparts
with their mixture of wit and satire and
their boosterism.</p>

<p>Publications were also established by veterans
and other military groups. In 1888, for
example, the United States Cavalry Association
issued the <title level="j">U.S. Cavalry Journal</title> from
Leavenworth, Kansas, and after 1910 the Artillery
Association published the <title level="j">Field Artillery Journal</title> from Washington <hi rend="smallcaps">DC</hi> and Fort Sill,
Oklahoma.</p>

<p>During World War I, camp newspapers
typically were seven-column, four-page papers
costing two cents a copy. Weekly issues
aimed to boost troop morale and promote
high moral standards. Many soldier papers
were launched following the Armistice, including
the <title level="j">Jayhawker</title> in France, the "Unofficial
Organ of the 137th Infantry," a unit with
Kansas connections. A hospital paper, the <title level="j">Fort Bayard News</title>, was published near Silver City,
New Mexico, by the U.S. Army General Hospital.
And in 1922 the first monthly issue of the
<title level="j">Military Review</title> was published at the Command
and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth,
Kansas. The <title level="j">Review</title> has been labeled
the "Professional Journal of the U.S. Army"
because of its articles on military philosophy
and tactics and its influence on army doctrine.</p>

<p>Long before Pearl Harbor, <hi rend="smallcaps">GI</hi> papers were
started to help train draftees. Two of these papers
were the <title level="j">Camp Wolters Longhorn</title>, published
near Mineral Wells, Texas, and the
<title level="j">Rainbow Reveille</title> at Camp Gruber, Oklahoma.
During the war, other troop newspapers
emerged, including <hi rend="smallcaps"><title level="j">BAM</title></hi>, published in
1943 at the Naval Air Gunner's School, Purcell,
Oklahoma. World War II military publications
observed tight editorial controls that
produced items that were bland, traditional,
and predictable. Most were weeklies printed
by letterpress or offset, although several were
mimeographed issues. Writers with little or
no actual journalism experience produced
many of the camp papers.</p>

<p>Several Great Plains military post publications
continue journalistic traditions that began
in the nineteenth century. Some of these
are the <title level="j">Field Artillery Journal</title> (a magazine)
and <title level="j">Military Review</title>.</p>

<p><hi rend="italic">See also</hi> <hi rend="smallcaps">WAR</hi>: <ref n="egp.war.029">Military Bases</ref>.</p>

<closer>
<signed>Peter E. Mayeux<lb/>
University of Nebraska-Lincoln</signed>
</closer>
</div1>

<div1>
<bibl>Cornebise, Alfred Emile. <title level="m">Ranks and Columns: Armed Forces Newspapers in American Wars</title>. Westport <hi rend="smallcaps">CT</hi>: Greenwood
Press, 1993.</bibl>
</div1>


</body>
</text>
</TEI>